Recovering of ecosystem and ensuring safe habitat.

Global warming could play a major role in the extinction of many species in this century. An average temperature rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius could put 20-30 percent of the species at risk of extinction. If the average temperature rises to 2 degrees Celsius, it will be impossible for most ecosystems to survive. Most of the endangered species live in areas that will be severely affected by climate change. The fear is that climate change is happening so fast that many species are finding it difficult to adapt to the changed environment. Organic matter simply means those who have life. It could be a plant, it could be an animal, or it could be a small insect. Inorganic matter refers to the elements related to nature. Notable among these are temperature, humidity, rock etc. No matter what elements are present in an ecosystem, they are all dependent on each other. So dependent that even the slightest change in the elements can have an effect on the whole ecosystem. If for some reason the animals in that ecosystem cannot adapt to the change, they move to another ecosystem.

Bangladesh is a small country in South Asia, small in size but unique in diversity. The delta is made up of sediments carried by numerous rivers and streams descending from the northeastern Himalayan mountains and upstream. Riverside plains, char areas, atoll, Barind, Garh, Tila, hills, haors, beels, springs, Jhiri, Chhara, Guha, Baor, Patrajhara forests, rainforests, mangrove forests, roaring forests, islands, all such diversity of ecosystems is rare. Not only natural ecology, but also the diversity of public life is unique here. The world's largest Irrawaddy dolphin lives on our Sundarbans coast. The only living talipam tree in the world is in Bangladesh. The country is home to a large range of birds, skinny frogs or blood-eyed black frogs. At one time 20,000 varieties of paddy were cultivated in this country. The tropical monsoon climate is a wonderful combination of seasons in this country. But this diversity, environment and ecosystem of the country is long gone today. Unplanned development, deforestation, wetland filling, large scale excavation, chemical agriculture are in many ways hindering the development of life and nature of the country. The Corona epidemic has revived the worldwide realization that without the protection of life and ecosystems, it would be difficult for everyone on this planet to survive. In nature, plants, animals, inanimate environments and human beings have many different relationships. They are all dependent on each other. This is because the algae in the pond produce their own food using sunlight. These algae feed on insects, insects and small fish. Big fish live by eating them again. Big fish eat fish. People also fish. When animals, including humans, die, their bodies return to the soil and water in the process of digestion through bacteria and microorganisms. Thus a complex food cycle. It is an impeccable food chain of one species with another of nature. Through this interdependent relationship of other elements with human beings in nature, a unique ecosystem or ecosystem is created. As human beings we need to think about what kind of ecosystem we are associated with, how this ecosystem has kept me alive by providing services in what process. But every day people are crushing this rhythmic grammar of the ecosystem for their own enjoyment and profit. And because of this, people have to deal with various epidemics like climate change.

As the earth's temperature continues to rise, the effects of climate change are beginning to be felt in various places. Due to the increase in population compared to the area, crop lands are being wiped out, forests are being cleared and cleared, water sources like ponds, rivers and canals are being filled. In all of this there were innumerable ecosystems that have survived by fighting. Climate change is constantly happening in different ecosystems of the world. It takes hundreds of years for each species to adapt to these changes. As a result, we have seen countless species disappear from the face of the earth over the centuries. As a result of climate change, one-third or more of the world's icebergs or mountain glaciers will begin to melt. This will have an impact on agricultural land, river water flow and water retention dams. Ecology will be lost, innumerable species will be wiped out. Ecosystem restoration is the process of restoring an ecosystem that has already been destroyed or damaged. This recovery can be done in different ways. For example, an area may have had numerous vegetation at one time. Ecosystems also developed based on those plants. Decreased vegetation has also affected other ecosystems. So if it is possible to restore the place to its former state by planting trees again, then the ecosystem can be restored. It is important to keep the ecosystem alive in the interest of human survival. The ecosystem can directly or indirectly supply almost all the elements of human survival. The ecosystem reduces the risk of natural disasters, helping to prevent various diseases, including epidemics. The ecosystem can also play an important role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-2030). So it is time to start the process of restoring the ecosystem.

Mohila Unnayan Sangstha (MUS) is a voluntary non-profit organization. For a long time, he has done various works on nature and climate through volunteers for the purpose of socio-economic development. Mohila Unnayan Sangstha (MUS) has conducted various climate development activities including social afforestation, tree planting campaigns, distribution of free tree saplings, meetings to ensure the use of organic fertilizers, and awareness about the adverse effects of the use of pesticides. The ‘environment’ today is not limited to conservation or public campaigns, but also strengthens the theoretical and research aspects of the environment in separate departments like ecology in educational textbooks and various public universities. Every year Environment Day makes a global call, this year calling for the restoration of the ecosystem.

Mohila Unnayan Sangstha (MUS) have been conducting various social development activities to protect climate change. Climate change in today's world can destroy the whole world. MIT Solve's project has inspired me to restore the ecosystem and ensure proper habitat, and I hope that any organization will manage this activity properly. Therefore, I think it is necessary to apply for the project.

The Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest in Bangladesh, is being destroyed for various reasons. One of the reasons for this is deforestation, tendency to occupy forest lands, coastal erosion in coastal areas, climate change, loss of river navigability, etc. It can also be seen that haor occupation and haor biodiversity are being destroyed in various ways. Uncontrolled industrialization or uncontrolled urbanization is destroying the fertile soil surface of many areas. After all, pollution is one of the main causes of the destruction of the ecosystem. Internationally, climate change is also indirectly or directly responsible for the destruction of ecosystems. The tens of thousands of Rohingya refugees who have come to Bangladesh have already caused a lot of damage in the Teknaf Peninsula area by destroying the mountainous ecosystem. Initiatives need to be taken for the restoration of this ecosystem, among which are the declaration of sanctuaries, efforts for river restoration, creation of the first marine sanctuary in Bangladesh at the Swatch of No-Ground in the Bay of Bengal. We forget the contribution of the emergency ecosystem due to human ignorance and lifestyle. As a result, the destruction of the ecosystem at the individual or social level is not stopping, but increasing. In many cases, the government's policy decisions are not being implemented in practice. For example, in the Sundarbans, although there are policies for shipping, engine-driven vessels are running, and as a result, the biodiversity there is under threat. So far, the lives of 38,400 species of various species in Bangladesh are under threat today. When one species becomes extinct, the space is not empty, so the other species replaces it. In many cases the transplanted species does not bring us good, but we have to face many financial, social or emotional losses to get rid of it. Since the subject is invisible, people do not think about it. But now a superhero is very well explaining to us the need for proper ecosystem restoration. The process of restoring this ecosystem of nature is but not so simple. It takes more than 500 years for such a forest to be restored. Because a forest has a very complex life cycle. Again, it takes more than 5,000 years for a flat land to be restored, whereas it may take less than 10 years for the biological life cycle of the land to be restored. And the whole ecosystem of the sea is still unknown to us. So where ecosystem recovery is to be done, what kind of damage is being done to that place and why it is happening first. At the same time you have to have a good idea about the biodiversity of that place. Since ecosystem restoration is not a very simple process, the ecosystem of a place that is on the verge of extinction has to undergo some recovery process. Initially, rehabilitation is a step towards finding out the resources of a place that can be used without disturbing the balance of the environment.

The services that ecosystems provide us include commodity services (food grains, wood, biofuels, medicines, etc.), regulatory services (climate control, pollination, water purification, waste treatment, biological control, soil health protection, etc.), support services (nutrition cycle, Photosynthesis, soil formation, etc., and cultural services (vegetative landscapes, sightings of endangered species, aquatic life, etc.) are divided into four categories. Without these ecosystem services we cannot think of our survival. When a certain proportion of living and inert matter is lost in an ecosystem, chaos is created. The ecosystem is damaged. As a result, we no longer receive ecological services there. If the ecosystems around us are damaged, it will no longer be possible for us to survive. But scientists fear that could happen. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have declined throughout the world. According to various research papers, ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, freshwater, seas, coasts, mountains, etc. have been damaged in different parts of the world. Forest ecosystem is one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems. Significant ecological services range from carbon exploitation to forest ecosystems. But the global forest ecosystem is under threat. Scientists say that between 2015 and 2020, about one crore hectares of forests have been destroyed in the world every year. The destruction of forest ecosystems has been mainly attributed to agriculture, deforestation, fuel collection, pollution, soil erosion, wildfires and alien species attacks.The largest of the terrestrial ecosystems is the grassland ecosystem. Forty percent of the land surface is grassland. Discussions on grassland ecosystems are less frequent than discussions on forest ecosystems. But grassroots ecological services are no less valuable. An article published in Nature last year (2020) states that grasslands absorb large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere and provide many ecological services, including storage. Like forests, grassland ecosystems have also deteriorated. In the last four decades, 40 percent of the world's grasslands have been degraded. Grassland ecosystems are generally being degraded due to agriculture, excessive grazing, loss of soil quality, fires, invasions of foreign species, etc. Services from aquatic ecosystems, especially freshwater ecosystems, wetland ecosystems and marine ecosystems are also essential for our survival. Freshwater reservoirs are in deep crisis due to various types of pollution (chemicals, plastics), construction of dams and structures, excessive use of water, extraction of sand and gravel etc. Wetland ecosystems are also declining. Plastics are now a major threat to marine ecosystems. About 80 percent of the world's wastewater is flowing into the sea. Indiscriminate fishing has also created a crisis in the aquatic ecosystem. In order to restore ecosystems, the causes of ecosystem damage must be controlled as much as possible. In the years that followed, we decided to work on those solutions.

Ecosystem restoration means bringing plants and animals back to the brink of extinction from mountain peaks to the depths of the ocean. To save nature from exploitation and take it towards healing. Preventing, stopping and reversing the constant damage to nature. We hope the project could become a global mission to restore millions of hectares of forest, from farmland to the depths of the ocean. One thing is clear, we can only make a living with healthy ecosystems, fight climate change and stop the destruction of biodiversity. We may not be able to make climate change, but we can participate in tackling climate change and try to reduce the risks of climate change to some extent.

Every ecosystem has basically two components. Namely, non-living material and living material. As far as I know, climate, environment and people are very closely related to each other. Every living species has a very close relationship with each other. Man gets almost everything from his daily life from the environment. Again, these people are the ones who do the most damage to the environment in its need and unnecessarily. The more people are accustomed to modern life, the more the environment is under pressure. As a result, black toxic fumes and wastes from mills are increasing. Forests, rivers, canals and beels are becoming extinct to meet the food, shelter and other needs of the growing population. At the same time, various kinds of small and big wild animals living in these places are becoming extinct. For a long time, we have been exploiting and destroying our planet's ecosystems. It is said that every three seconds we lose the equivalent of a World Cup soccer field and in the last century we have destroyed half of it and the wetlands. Although global warming is limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius, about 50 percent of our coral reefs are already lost, and by 2050, 90 percent of the coral reefs could be lost. If the ecosystem is damaged, the world's forests and pitlands will be submerged in the Carbon Sea. Therefore, in order to tackle climate change and restore ecosystems, all kinds of activities and programs will be taken in afforestation, elimination of plastic products, conservation of biodiversity.

One day man became intoxicated with the conquest of nature. Although he was able to conquer nature, he did not give up. Science and technology began to dominate the water, land, space, space. This victory chariot of man plunged man into a terrible deep crisis. This crisis is not of any particular country, nor of any particular nation. This crisis is of nature with man alone. The environment is the bearer of life, the carrier of life force. Human, other plant and animal life develops depending on the environment. The existence of life and nature has depended on the ability of animals to adapt to the environment since the beginning of creation. Destruction and extinction of organisms is inevitable if the environment is unfavorable. So there is a close connection between the environment and people. But we human beings have always poisoned and polluted this environment in various ways. The level of environmental pollution around the world is now alarming. Notable causes include rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, indiscriminate deforestation and deforestation, misuse of natural resources, rapid industrialization, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, industrial wastes, car toxic fumes, ozone depletion, ozone depletion , Use of plastic products etc. As the problem of environmental pollution unfolds, human civilization today is in dire straits, in the face of extreme threats, which are leading us to a terribly dark future. Therefore, the main issue is the proper and proper use of the steps taken to restore the ecosystem and tackle climate change.

Combined effort and spontaneous participation.

Propagation and dissemination through volunteer and public awareness is the right equation for climate change and climate change.

Proper and proper application of financial management in order to achieve the desired goals as per the action plan for the implementation of measures taken for the protection of ecosystem and climate change can bring success in the implementation of the said project.

The initiatives already taken to maintain the balance of the environment and the restoration of the ecosystem have worked well and the necessary steps have been taken to sustain the ecosystem at all levels including social forestry, livestock, rivers, canals, beels, haor-baors.