One Health Approach for the known unknowns in AMR

A compartmental model of research and surveillance on bacteria and its resistance transmission within and between three compartments-Humans, Animals and Environment, also focusing the role of  plastisphere in AMR. Raising public awareness campaign, priority among school and college students. A combined bottom-top and top-bottom approach.   

Ms. Nimcy Manu

primary investigator

Researcher in Microbiology

The widespread prevalence of AMR is partially due to HGT which is typically mediated by plasmids. Many of the plasmid mediated resistance in pathogens originate from animals, humans or environmental habitats. Despite evidence that plasmids mobilize ARGs, there is only a limited understanding of the factors that facilitate the emergence of multi drug resistant plasmids in clinical pathogens.

The one health approach is necessary to explore these knowledge gaps- how plasmids drive local AMR spread and connect different habitats. it is also important to understand how the emergence and persistence of MDR plasmids can be affected by different factors, especially coexistence with other members of the microbiome. some settings particularly the nexus that crosses animals, humans and the environment have a high potential to lead, boost and spread ARB and ARGs. However the role of the environment as a reservoir of AMR is not fully understood. The man-made compartment plastisphere also serves as a vector for pathogenic bacteria and their reservoir of ARGs.

AMR is significant challenge in LMICs due to a lack of biological and epidemiological data, Therefore a pressing need for detailed data about AMR in LMICs to slow down the emergence and spread of AMR.

Attempts to identify high risk environment for evolution and emergence of resistance in different environment. Primarily serves the general public making them aware of their own ability to make a difference is a critical step. 
Monitoring AMR rates in samples from humans, animals and the environment ensures the health professionals practice the safe use of antimicrobials and establish more innovative approaches to combating the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
A guide to one health AMR- helpful to policymakers, researchers in the multidisciplinary scientist community working on AMR. strengthen Global surveillance and further research on AMR.
Helpful to veterinary health and environmental health to develop effective Public Health measures to tackle the alarming AMR situation.
Focusing public awareness campaign, informative film making, priority among schools and children. This is a look ahead approach, will be an asset for next generation.

Participating, the general public, small and large-scale farmers, veterinary specialists, environmental specialists, and health care professionals, including nurses, will help them understand antibiotic resistance more. By doing so, they will become more aware of how it is emerging and spreading, and what the future holds if we ignore AMR. This will help them to realize that this fate is a result of our own mistakes. Awareness precedes changes.

Provide important puzzle pieces to combat AMR and protect human and animal health and well-being.

Guides the targeted preventive measures that reduce the infection rate, optimize the use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and food production, and improve awareness and understanding of AMR. Reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics in all sectors can contribute to the overall well-being of the public.

Guiding policy recommendations and developing strategies to reduce AMR.

Raising public awareness, targeting diverse audiences, priority in schools and college students to make wise decisions about using antibiotics, is an investment in the future.

In many low- and middle-income countries, there is a lack of awareness and ignorance about antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is essential to conduct focused research on the emergence of this phenomenon. The study is conducted in an easily understandable way by the general public, and professionals from all sectors will collaborate to achieve a better outcome.

Aims to have a positive impact on both the general public and small- to large-scale producers in and around the study areas. This will be achieved by involving them in the solution process through training and workshops. Based on the research and surveillance, Public awareness campaigns target diverse audiences. By identifying the hotspots, emergence, and spread of antimicrobial resistance patterns and their sources, healthcare professionals and providers can be given updated information and continuous medical education on the latest data and surveillance on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This will reduce the dependence on empirical treatment.

Furthermore, sharing the information and data with government authorities in human health, animal health, veterinary, and agricultural sectors can help in taking measures to reduce the transmission and emergence of AR.

YEAR 1

 We will regularly update the data and share it with health professionals and providers, both public and private, within that area. During each sampling, we plan to interact with the general public and small-scale and large-scale producers to discuss AMR, explain the project's purpose and solution, and gather information about the area.

YEAR 2

Launch a public awareness campaign and produce a film based on our research and surveillance findings. We aim to expand the study to two more districts with the same study pattern. This time, the solution will be available to all sectors and the attention of government and regulatory bodies will be directed towards the issue.

YEAR 3

We can identify the key direction and dynamics of the spread of antimicrobial resistance, conduct continuous public awareness campaigns, share the research findings with the concerned sectors.

We need good and integrated surveillance system in all one health sectors, locally, nationally and globally, to inform an effective response aligned with the WHO's Global Action Plan" says professor Wieler. our solution is an integrated approach to sustainably balance the health of people, animals and environment, in a particular area - we are monitoring all sectors together.

 No such collaborative studies have yet been conducted in my state or country. so I foresee great potential and many benefits in this solution. The functions involved in our solution prioritize the participation of the general public, small-scale and large-scale farmers, Healthcare professionals, veterinary professionals, environmental experts, and students. The key to success lies in bringing the solution to these groups and bringing them to the solution. This approach will help direct the attention of the government and regulatory bodies towards establishing targeted preventive measures to reduce antibiotic resistance. Overall, the solution has the potential to be a significant breakthrough in all the sectors it will impact

Certain areas are difficult to access, which can challenge sample collection. To address these issues, we will establish strong partnerships with the general public, health sectors, and Government regulatory bodies.