Aerial Recon & Recovery Initiative (ARRI)

ALDFG, or 'ghost gear', are significant marine pollutants with severe ecological and economic impacts. A recent study suggests that 2%  of fishing gear in use globally, becomes ALDFG. This is approximately 78 '230 km2 of gill nets, purse seine nets and trawl nets, 739' 583 km of longline and more than 25 million pots and traps. Naturally, this will cause wide-reaching impacts on marine ecosystems caused by ALDFG. To fully understand the impacts of ALDFG on this environment, we need to understand the scale of the influx of ALDFG, from local and offshore fishing practices. This study seeks to survey this environment aerially, to quantify the spread of this gear, and how local practices can be improved to minimise future impacts, as well as providing mitigation opportunities in the short term. 

Efforts to prevent, reduce, and remove ALDFG employ diverse strategies worldwide, including active prevention through gear marking and tracking, and reduction and removal initiatives tailored to different regions. Developed nations explore advanced technologies like underwater drones for gear retrieval, while developing countries rely on low-tech solutions like community-driven clean-ups.

The coastal marine ecosystems have been adversely affected by ALDFG, through direct entanglement of wildlife, and damage to the coral reef habitat across this region. The surface of the coral reefs are exposed to continuous degradation from entangled gear, preventing the recruitment of coral larvae, resulting in long term damage to the ecological community as a whole. 

Animals face increased risks of ingestion and entanglement in ALDFG, leading to starvation, poisoning and drowning. ALDFG contributes to fish stock depletion, coastal habitat damage, and economic losses in the fishing and tourism sectors. Limited empirical data underscores the need for comprehensive research to inform management and policy interventions globally.

Marine vegetation, such as seagrass and mangroves are equally affected by ALDFG. The movement of fishing gear along the seafloor, particularly gill nets, can cause the uprooting of seagrass, and subsequent release of sequestered carbon, stored in the marine sediment. The impacts of ALDFG therefore not only affect the net carbon sequestration rates, but can also result in carbon release from these ecosystems. Mangrove roots, which are essential for respiration by this organism and cover a large amount of coastal surface area, are impacted by the accumulation of ALDFG. The result can be a weakening of root systems, impacting healthy stem growth, and reducing the availability of this habitat to fish and other marine organisms. The breakdown of plastic within ALDFG leads to the production of microplastics, which infiltrate marine food chains, disrupt ecosystems, and impact biodiversity.

This project focuses on the critical issue of Abandoned, Lost, and Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) in the coastal waters surrounding Koh Phangan and Koh Tao, islands in the Gulf of Thailand, part of the Inshore Exclusion Zone (IEZ)(a designated area to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems by restricting commercial fishing activities). 

1. The primary objective is the utilisation of an aerial drone and machine learning technology for aerial surveys for the efficient detection of ALDFG.
This innovative approach is an order of magnitude more cost-effective, and non-invasive method for covering large areas compared to traditional boat-based surveys. The data obtained through this method is then used for targeted removal efforts of threatening ALDFG from the environment. The information on the extent, distribution, and types of ALDFG present in the target area helps inform conservation strategies in the area. Establishing a baseline for future monitoring and evaluating the project's long-term effectiveness in reducing ALDFG in the Gulf of Thailand.

A second objective of the solution is to foster collaboration and capacity-building. Collaboration with local fishers, dive operators, and NGOs to use their expertise and strengthen community engagement in conservation efforts. This fosters a sense of ownership and promotes long-term sustainability for ALDFG management in the Gulf of Thailand. Equipping local participants with proper removal techniques and safety protocols ensures responsible and effective ALDFG removal, minimising potential harm to the environment and themselves. This empowers local communities to actively contribute to addressing the ALDFG issue in the Gulf of Thailand.

Establishing a system for community members to report ALDFG sightings facilitates timely intervention, allowing for rapid removal and comprehensive data collection. This information can be used to identify areas requiring immediate attention and inform future conservation strategies in the Gulf of Thailand.

This project demonstrates a direct link between the various work components and achieving the primary objectives focused on positive conservation outcomes in the Gulf of Thailand. By removing ALDFG, the project directly benefits marine life and ecosystems. Additionally, developing a refined detection methodology and fostering community involvement pave the way for long-term, sustainable solutions to address the ALDFG challenge in the Gulf of Thailand. This comprehensive approach contributes to a healthier marine environment, supporting the conservation of diverse marine species and the economic well-being of coastal communities in the region.

Currently, ARRI operates primarily in the Surat Thani province of Thailand, focusing on the islands of Koh Phangan and Koh Tao. We plan to expand our operations to other coastal regions within the next year, with a strategic emphasis on areas experiencing high levels of ALDFG pollution and ecological vulnerability. 

These communities heavily rely on marine resources for their livelihoods, particularly through fishing and tourism activities. However, they face significant challenges due to the pervasive issue of ALDFG. The presence of ALDFG poses a direct threat to their economic well-being, as it leads to decreased fish stocks, damages coastal habitats, and negatively impacts the tourism industry. Moreover, the ecological consequences of ALDFG, such as entanglement of marine life and habitat degradation, affect the overall health of marine ecosystems, which are essential for sustaining life in the region.

Our solution aims to directly address the needs of these communities and ecosystems by implementing a comprehensive approach to ALDFG management. By conducting aerial surveys using drones equipped with multispectral technology, we can efficiently and accurately detect the presence of ALDFG across large areas of marine habitat. This allows for targeted removal efforts, minimising environmental damage and maximising the protection of marine life.

Additionally, our project emphasises community engagement and capacity-building initiatives. By collaborating with local fishers, dive operators, NGOs, and educational institutions, we empower community members to actively participate in ALDFG removal and conservation efforts. Through training workshops and educational programs, we equip them with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute effectively to marine protection initiatives.

The impact of our solution extends beyond immediate ALDFG removal. By fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among local communities, we promote long-term sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental challenges. Moreover, the restoration of marine habitats and conservation of biodiversity benefit not only current generations but also future ones, ensuring a healthier and more prosperous environment for all.

Overall, our solution serves to improve the lives of coastal communities by safeguarding their livelihoods, preserving marine ecosystems, and promoting sustainable development in the Surat Thani province of Thailand.

Our team, led by Dr Sol Milne and supported by Tania Kanchanarak, is uniquely positioned to deliver this solution due to our deep ties to the communities we aim to serve and our commitment to their well-being.

Dr. Sol Milne, with his expertise in conservation biology and aerial surveying techniques, complements Tania's local insights with a global perspective on marine conservation. Sol is a certified drone pilot and has twelve years of experience having used drones in many different countries, developing local capacity in conservation organisations, for projects in both marine and terrestrial environments.

Tania Kanchanarak is a Thai citizen and brings extensive experience in conservation and environmental initiatives in Surat Thani province and other Southeast Asian countries. She is currently in the final stages of completion of her PhD in tropical biology, with a focus on restoration and conservation practices in the face of anthropogenic disturbances. Her upbringing in the region has provided her with intimate knowledge of local culture, customs, and environmental challenges. 

Together, our team members have established strong relationships with key stakeholders, including local fishers, dive operators, NGOs, and governmental bodies. These connections have been cultivated through years of collaborative efforts and engagement in community-driven conservation projects. By actively involving these stakeholders in the design and implementation of our solution, we ensure that it is tailored to the specific needs and priorities of the target population. The design of our solution is meaningfully guided by the input, ideas, and agendas of the communities we serve. Through ongoing dialogue and consultation, we actively seek feedback and incorporate community perspectives into our project planning process. For example, prior to initiating our aerial surveying project, we conducted meetings with local fishers and dive operators to discuss their concerns regarding ALDFG pollution and solicit suggestions for potential solutions.

Our team embraces a participatory approach to decision-making, empowering community members to take ownership of conservation initiatives. We organise regular workshops and training sessions where community members are encouraged to share their knowledge and expertise, contributing to the co-creation of solutions that are culturally sensitive and locally relevant.

Moreover, our project prioritises capacity-building and skill development within the local community. By providing training in ALDFG removal techniques, marine conservation practices, and recycling initiatives, we equip community members with the tools and resources needed to actively engage in environmental stewardship.

Overall, our team's close ties to the target population, combined with our collaborative approach to solution design and implementation, ensure that our efforts are both informed by and responsive to the needs of the communities we serve. By working hand-in-hand with local stakeholders, we strive to achieve meaningful and sustainable impact in the Surat Thani province of Thailand.

We have developed this strategy for ALDFG removal in collaboration with Global Ghost Gear Initiative (GGGI) at multiple locations, including Myanmar, The Maldives, Jamaica, Tobago and Greece, and have a strong track record for gear removal and collaboration. 

The method has been tested enough that we understand the full capacity and indeed limitations of the use of this technique in the field. We have worked with multiple government, University, NGO and private sector partners in the development of this method. This includes the Canadian Department of Fisheries, Global Ghost Gear Initiative, University of Aberdeen, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Marriott Hotels Organisation, Myanmar Ocean Project and Ghost Diving Org.

We are currently working on developing a long term project in Koh Phangan and Koh Tao, for a regular ALDFG survey method, working with the local community, developing local capacity for skill development in this work, collecting ALDFG, recycling the material and allowing the coastal marine environment to recover. Scaling up our work is now the key aim of this project, as we know how the project can grow with adequate resources and collaboration.

We are applying to Solve because we recognize the value of collaborative partnerships in overcoming the multifaceted challenges associated with ALDFG pollution. While our team has made significant progress in developing and implementing solutions to address ALDFG in the Surat Thani province of Thailand, we acknowledge that there are still barriers that hinder our ability to scale and sustain our impact.

Specifically, we hope Solve can help us overcome the following barriers:

1. Financial Barriers: While we have secured some funding for our initiatives, additional financial support is needed to expand our operations, acquire necessary equipment, and sustain long-term monitoring and conservation efforts. Solve's network of partners and potential funders can provide crucial financial support to help us achieve our goals.

2. Technical Barriers: Our project relies heavily on innovative technologies such as drone-based aerial surveys and machine learning algorithms for ALDFG detection. Technical expertise and resources are essential for refining these technologies, improving their effectiveness, and integrating them into scalable solutions. Solve can connect us with technical experts and resources to overcome these challenges.

3. Legal Barriers: Obtaining permits and navigating regulatory requirements can be complex and time-consuming, particularly when conducting research and conservation activities in marine environments. Solve can provide guidance and assistance in navigating legal frameworks and establishing partnerships with relevant governmental agencies to facilitate our work.

4. Market Barriers: Developing sustainable markets for recycled materials and promoting eco-friendly alternatives to traditional fishing gear are essential for addressing the root causes of ALDFG pollution. Solve can facilitate connections with market actors, industry stakeholders, and potential buyers to explore opportunities for market-driven solutions.

Overall, we believe that Solve's network and resources can provide invaluable support in overcoming these barriers and accelerating the impact of our solutions. By collaborating with Solve and its partners, we hope to achieve lasting positive change in marine conservation and contribute to the well-being of coastal communities in Thailand and beyond.

Our solution, the Aerial Recon and Recovery Initiative (ARRI), stands out for its innovative approach to addressing the pervasive issue of ALDFG pollution in marine environments. We utilise cutting-edge technologies and implement a holistic approach that combines research, conservation, community engagement, and capacity-building initiatives to tackle this complex problem.

One of the key innovations of our solution is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones for conducting aerial surveys of coastal marine habitats. This technology allows us to efficiently and accurately detect the presence of ALDFG across large areas of marine environment, which would be challenging to cover using traditional boat-based surveys. Through the use of UAV technology, under a tried and tested method, we can significantly reduce the time, cost, and manpower required for ALDFG detection, enabling more frequent and comprehensive monitoring efforts.

Furthermore, we employ machine learning algorithms to analyse the data collected from aerial surveys, rapidly identifying and mapping ALDFG hotspots. This targeted approach allows us to strategically prioritise removal efforts, focusing on areas with higher concentrations of ALDFG and maximising the impact of our conservation interventions. By combining advanced technology with data-driven decision-making, our solution optimises resource allocation and minimises environmental impact.

In addition to ALDFG removal, our solution emphasises community engagement and capacity-building initiatives to empower local stakeholders to actively participate in marine conservation efforts. We collaborate closely with local fishers, dive operators, NGOs, and governmental bodies to co-design and implement our initiatives, ensuring that they are culturally sensitive, locally relevant, and sustainable in the long term. Through training workshops, educational programs, and collaborative clean-up events, we foster a sense of ownership and responsibility among community members, transforming them into stewards of their marine environment.

By catalysing broader positive impacts from others in this space, our solution has the potential to revolutionise the way ALDFG pollution is addressed globally. The adoption of UAV-based aerial surveys and machine learning algorithms for ALDFG detection could set a new standard for monitoring and management practices in marine conservation. Furthermore, our emphasis on community engagement and capacity-building initiatives could serve as a model for other organisations and initiatives working in similar contexts, inspiring greater collaboration and collective action in the fight against ALDFG pollution.

Overall, our solution has the potential to change the market/landscape by promoting the widespread adoption of innovative technologies, fostering greater collaboration and knowledge sharing among stakeholders, and empowering local communities to take ownership of marine conservation efforts. Through our integrated approach, we aim to catalyse positive change and create a more sustainable future for marine ecosystems and coastal communities worldwide.

Our solution is designed to have a meaningful impact on the pervasive problem of ALDFG pollution in marine environments. Our theory of change outlines the logical links between our activities, outputs, and outcomes, demonstrating how we expect to achieve positive outcomes for our target population.

Activities:

1. Conduct UAV-based aerial surveys: We will utilise unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) equipped with multispectral sensors to conduct aerial surveys of coastal marine habitats in the Surat Thani province of Thailand, focusing on the islands of Koh Phangan and Koh Tao.

2. Analyse survey data: We will use machine learning algorithms to analyse the data collected from aerial surveys, identifying and mapping the presence of ALDFG hotspots across the target area.

3. Coordinate ALDFG removal efforts: Based on the findings from aerial surveys, we will strategically prioritise and coordinate ALDFG removal efforts, working closely with local communities, fishers, dive operators, NGOs, and governmental bodies.

4. Provide community engagement and capacity-building initiatives: We will organise training workshops, educational programs, and collaborative clean-up events to engage and empower local stakeholders to actively participate in marine conservation efforts.

Outputs:

1. Comprehensive ALDFG data: We will generate detailed maps and datasets depicting the extent and distribution of ALDFG in the target area, providing valuable insights for conservation planning and management.

2. ALDFG removal activities: We will remove significant quantities of ALDFG from coastal marine habitats, reducing the immediate threat posed to marine life and ecosystems.

3. Enhanced community capacity: We will equip local stakeholders with the knowledge, skills, and resources needed to actively engage in ALDFG removal and marine conservation efforts, fostering a culture of environmental stewardship within the community.

Outcomes:

1. Reduced environmental impact: By removing ALDFG from coastal marine habitats, we will mitigate the immediate threats to marine life, ecosystems, and biodiversity, contributing to the overall health and resilience of marine ecosystems.

2. Improved economic livelihoods: By protecting marine resources and promoting sustainable fishing and tourism practices, we will safeguard the economic livelihoods of local communities reliant on marine resources, ensuring long-term prosperity and well-being.

3. Empowered communities: By engaging and empowering local stakeholders, we will foster a sense of ownership and responsibility for marine conservation efforts, catalysing broader positive change in attitudes and behaviours towards environmental protection.

Overall, our theory of change demonstrates how our activities will lead to immediate outputs and longer-term outcomes, ultimately resulting in positive impacts on the problem of ALDFG pollution for our target population in the Surat Thani province of Thailand.

Impact Goals:

1. Reduction of ALDFG Pollution: Our primary goal is to protect and restore marine ecosystems by significantly reducing the levels of ALDFG pollution in the coastal waters surrounding Koh Phangan and Koh Tao islands. We aim to achieve a measurable decrease in the presence of ghost gear, thereby mitigating its adverse impacts on marine life and habitat.

1. Community Empowerment: We seek to empower local communities through capacity building in conservation technology and the establishment of sustainable recycling practices. By engaging with stakeholders and providing training workshops, we aim to foster a sense of ownership and active participation in marine conservation efforts among community members.

1. Establishment of Sustainable Management Practices: Our overarching goal is to create a comprehensive system for ALDFG management in Thailand, from detection and removal to recycling and policy advocacy. By developing a roadmap for sustainable ALDFG management and setting a precedent within Southeast Asia, we aim to catalyse transformative change in marine conservation practices.

Progress Measurement:

1. ALDFG Pollution Levels: We measure our progress towards reducing ALDFG pollution through regular aerial surveys of the target area. By quantifying the extent and distribution of ghost gear using drone technology, we track changes in pollution levels over time and evaluate the effectiveness of our removal efforts.

1. Community Engagement: Progress in community empowerment is assessed through indicators such as participation rates in training workshops, knowledge retention among participants, and community-led initiatives for ALDFG management and recycling. Surveys and interviews are conducted to gather feedback and assess the perceived impact of our outreach efforts.

1. Sustainability of Management Practices: The establishment of sustainable management practices is evaluated based on the adoption of recycling initiatives, policy changes influenced by our advocacy efforts, and the long-term viability of our conservation interventions. We track the implementation of our roadmap for ALDFG management and monitor key milestones in policy development and stakeholder collaboration.

The core technology powering the Aerial Recon and Recovery Initiative (ARRI) is a combination of advanced drone technology, machine learning algorithms, and data analytics, all applied to the critical issue of Abandoned, Lost, and Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) pollution in marine environments.

1. Drone Technology: ARRI utilises uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-resolution cameras and multispectral sensors. These drones are deployed for aerial surveys of coastal waters surrounding Koh Phangan and Koh Tao islands in Surat Thani Province, Thailand. These sensors provide sub-metre accuracy in the location of ALDFG at sea. Compared to traditional boat-based surveys, drones offer several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and minimization of disturbance to sensitive marine habitats and wildlife. By covering large areas in a relatively short time, drones enable comprehensive monitoring of ALDFG distribution and ecosystem health.

1. Machine Learning Algorithms: The collected aerial imagery is processed using machine learning algorithms to rapidly identify and classify marine ALDFG. These algorithms are trained on labelled data sets, enabling automated detection of fishing nets, lines, and other debris from the imagery. This automated approach streamlines the analysis process, allowing for quick and accurate identification of ALDFG hotspots and concentrations. Machine learning algorithms can adapt and improve over time as they encounter new data, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of ALDFG detection.

1. Data Analytics: The output of drone surveys and machine learning analysis is further analysed using data analytics techniques to derive actionable insights and inform conservation strategies. Geographic Information System (GIS) software is employed to visualise spatial patterns of ALDFG distribution, identify priority areas for removal efforts, and assess the effectiveness of intervention measures. By combining spatial analysis with ecological modelling, ARRI can evaluate the ecological and economic impacts of ALDFG pollution and measure the success of mitigation initiatives.

1. Integration of Traditional Knowledge: In addition to modern technology, ARRI values and integrates traditional knowledge systems into its approach to marine conservation. Local fishers and community members possess valuable insights into marine ecosystems and ALDFG hotspots based on their years of experience and observations. ARRI collaborates closely with these stakeholders, incorporating their knowledge into survey planning, data interpretation, and conservation decision-making processes.

Dr Sol Milne, Scientific Coordinator.
is a conservation biologist specializing in aerial surveying by drone, enabling communities to build capacity for the protection diverse ecosystems, particularly marine habitats. Passionate about environmental impacts, his work focuses on monitoring methods to conserve natural habitats.

Tania Kanchanarak, Principal Ecologist.
Tania, an ecologist from Thailand, specialising in ecological restoration efforts in Southeast Asia. With a focus on conservation issues in Thailand, Tania fosters collaborative relationships with local communities, governmental bodies, and environmental organisations. Her dedication to stakeholder engagement and passion for conservation drives her efforts to protect and restore biodiversity regionally.

Dr. Sol Milne has been working on the development of the methodological aspect of this project since 2019.The first trial of the method utilised for this solution began as a PhD sabbatical for Sol Milne, where he joined a project on ghost gear in Myanmar. Since then, Sol has tested and worked on improving the method in various projects throughout the Maldives, Greece, Jamaica and Trinidad. 

The ARRI initiative was born in November 2022 and since then we have been working on scaling up the project.

Our ethos is that diversity and inclusion are critical to the success of our conservation initiatives. We are deeply committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive environment for all current and future members of the team. Our founding team reflects this commitment, with two female co-founders and one male co-founder, with one of them being of Southeast Asian descent, bringing valuable local perspectives and experience to the team. 

In addition to our internal efforts, we are actively engaged in promoting inclusivity in our work with local communities, prioritising the needs and perspectives of local communities, as well as recognizing their valuable insights into our challenges. To achieve this, we collaborate with local researchers and stakeholders, ensuring their relevant experiences and cultural narratives are included. The clean-up work that we do is especially important in empowering local communities to take actions to ensure their livelihoods and achieve sustainability goals. 

Moreover, we are enabling opportunities and capacities for women in science, inspiring others to join our team through equitable representation. We aim to create a supportive and welcoming environment where women can thrive and contribute to our project. An example of this is the work done by co-founder Sol Milne in training local researchers to become drone pilots. 

Despite our small size, we are committed to reflecting the diversity of the regions where we work and fostering an inclusive environment for collaboration and innovation.

ARRI is a project that operates under Wolf Fish Ltd, a UK based enterprise. Wolf Fish Ltd primarily generates revenue through grant funding, as evidenced by their application for the Sea of Change Conservation Priority Grant. This funding supports the implementation of specific projects and covers expenses related to equipment acquisition, fieldwork, personnel salaries, and other operational costs. Additionally, the initiative may seek partnerships with corporate sponsors, foundations, or governmental agencies interested in supporting marine conservation initiatives. Collaborations with academic institutions and research organisations may also provide opportunities for funding and knowledge exchange. Overall, Wolf Fish Ltd's revenue model is based on securing external funding sources to sustain its conservation efforts and achieve long-term impact in the communities and ecosystems it serves.

ARRI focuses on marine habitat restoration, ensuring responsible disposal and repurposing of recovered gear through collaboration with local recycling partners. 

To acquire necessary resources for drone technology and fieldwork, ARRI relies on project grants, partnerships, and in-kind donations, while sustaining ongoing aerial monitoring and recovery efforts through revenue generated from recycling activities. 

Key success factors include effective drone deployment, collaborative partnerships with local communities and recycling partners, and the development of innovative recycling solutions for recovered gear. 

Revenue streams encompass grant funding, corporate donations, and income from recycling recovered fishing gear. ARRI measures success by reducing ALDFG pollution levels, fostering community engagement, and achieving long-term ecological restoration and habitat preservation. By reinvesting profits into gear removal, recycling, and community programs, ARRI ensures financial stability while advancing its conservation objectives within Wolf Fish Ltd, thus integrating business activities with the social mission of marine conservation.